4A0-220 Dumps Updated Jan 26, 2024 Practice Test and 40 unique questions
2024 Latest 100% Exam Passing Ratio - 4A0-220 Dumps PDF
Nokia 4A0-220 certification can open up many career opportunities for professionals who work in the telecommunications industry. Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks certification is recognized globally and can help professionals to advance their careers in many different areas, including network design, implementation, and maintenance. Overall, the Nokia 4A0-220 certification is an excellent choice for professionals who work with optical networks and want to stay up to date with the latest technologies and trends in the industry.
Nokia 4A0-220 exam, also known as the Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks exam, is a certification exam that focuses on the technology and concepts behind optical networking. Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks certification is targeted towards individuals who have experience in the telecommunications industry and are looking to further their knowledge and expertise in optical networking.
NEW QUESTION # 22
How do you configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities?
- A. Check the Logical Link box
Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box - B. Check the Logical Link box
Set the Port Type to Unterminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box - C. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Check the ASON Tunnel box
- D. Uncheck the Logical Link box Set the Port Type to Terminated Check the ASON Routed box Uncheck the ASON Tunnel box
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
To configure the Trail template in NFM-T for an Uplink board (such as 2UC400) in an MRN network with LO and LI restoration capabilities, you need to check the Logical Link box, set the Port Type to Unterminated, check the ASON Routed box, and uncheck the ASON Tunnel box. This configuration allows you to create a logical link between two Uplink boards that can be used for LO or LI restoration. The logical link is not terminated at the Uplink board, but at the OTU board. The ASON Routed option enables the GMPLS control plane for the logical link, while the ASON Tunnel option is not applicable for Uplink boards. References : Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia, Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following parameters is not considered when restoring an LSP?
- A. Maximum latency
- B. Coloring
- C. Equipment vendor
- D. Reservation priority
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The equipment vendor is not a parameter that is considered when restoring an LSP. Restoration is the process of re-establishing an LSP after a failure by using an alternative path that meets the same constraints as the original LSP. The parameters that are considered when restoring an LSP include coloring, reservation priority, maximum latency, bandwidth, protection type, and other QoS attributes. The equipment vendor does not affect the restoration process as long as the nodes support GMPLS protocols and interoperate with each other. References : RFC 4427 - Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following best describes the Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?
- A. An administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link
- B. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted away from the TE-link
- C. An automatic shutdown of a TE-link and all of the LSPs in the TE-link
- D. A soft synchronization state where new traffic is not allowed
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Soft Shutting Down state in the NFM-T is an administrative maintenance state where services stay up but no new traffic can be routed over the TE-link. This state is used to prepare a TE-link for maintenance or decommissioning without affecting the existing services. The NFM-T sets the TE-link to Soft Shutting Down state by sending a Notify message with the Administrative State Change flag to the head-end node of the TE-link. The head-end node then stops accepting new LSP requests over the TE-link and sends a PathErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the tail-end nodes of the LSPs in the TE-link. The tail-end nodes then stop sending new traffic over the LSPs and send a ResvErr message with the Administrative State Change flag to all the intermediate nodes of the LSPs. The intermediate nodes then update their routing tables and stop forwarding new traffic over the LSPs. The existing traffic, however, continues to flow over the LSPs until they are manually deleted or rerouted by the NFM-T. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following information is present in every GMPLS-enabled node?
- A. The bandwidth of each client path in the entire network
- B. The list of LSPs created in the entire network
- C. The state of each link in the entire network
- D. The frequency of each client path in the entire network
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
GMPLS-enabled nodes use routing protocols, such as OSPF-TE or ISIS-TE, to exchange information about the topology and the state of the links in the network12. This information includes the link attributes, such as bandwidth, wavelength, protection, and shared risk link groups (SRLGs)3. The state of each link indicates whether it is up or down, available or reserved, and so on. This information is used by GMPLS-enabled nodes to compute feasible paths for LSPs and to avoid routing loops or conflicts. The bandwidth and the frequency of each client path are not present in every GMPLS-enabled node, but only in the ingress and egress nodes that initiate and terminate the LSPs. The list of LSPs created in the entire network is also not present in every GMPLS-enabled node, but only in the nodes that are involved in the LSPs or that maintain a global view of the network. References:
* 1: GMPLS - Nokia
* 2: Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching - Wikipedia
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 26
What is the GMRE node address?
- A. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
- B. An IP address for CORBA communication with the NMS
- C. The IP address for communication between NEs
- D. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE node address is the IP address for communication between network elements (NEs) in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The GMRE node address is also known as the GMRE loopback address or the GMPLS node IP. It is used by GMPLS protocols such as LMP and RSVP to identify and communicate with other GMRE nodes. The GMRE node address is configured on each NE and is advertised by OSPF-TE to other nodes in the same area. References : Nokia 1830 PSS-4, PSS-8, PSS-16 and PSS-32 Platforms - NATO, 1830 PSS Identifiers
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following best describes the Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?
- A. It is the same as the administrative maintenance state. No new traffic can be routed over the TE-Unk
- B. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted
- C. An automatic shut down of all LSPs in the TE-link
- D. A soft maintenance state where new traffic is allowed for restoration
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Shutting Down state is a transient state that occurs when a TE-link is set to maintenance mode in the NFM-T. In this state, the TE-link is not available for routing new LSPs, but the existing LSPs (SNCs) that use the TE-link are not immediately terminated. Instead, they are soft-rerouted, which means that they are gracefully switched to alternative paths without disrupting the traffic. The Shutting Down state lasts until all the SNCs on the TE-link are successfully soft-rerouted or forcefully terminated. After that, the TE-link transitions to the Administrative Maintenance state, where no traffic can be routed over the TE-link12.
References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 28
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS. What is its main benefit?
- A. Supporting multi-vendor networks
- B. Reducing OPEX
- C. Reducing CAPEX
- D. Providing resilience against multiple failures
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Automation is one of the key features of GMPLS that allows dynamic provisioning of optical transport connections between IP routers and optical network elements2. Automation reduces the operational time and administrative overhead required to provision new connectivity, which in turn reduces the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the network. Reducing CAPEX, providing resilience against multiple failures, and supporting multi-vendor networks are not direct benefits of automation, but rather possible outcomes of using GMPLS in general. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
* 3: Traffic survivability through Protection and Restoration Combined (PRC) - YouTube
* [4]: GMPLS: Architecture and Applications - Google Books
NEW QUESTION # 29
What does the SNC state with an uppercase "N" mean in a resource in NFM-T?
- A. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
- B. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
- C. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level
- D. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state with an uppercase "N" means that the resource is currently using the nominal resource assigned to it. As explained in the previous question, a nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. If an LSP is using the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has not been rerouted or switched due to any failure or constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the resource will be "N", indicating that it is in use by an LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 30
What is a Label Switched Path (LSP)?
- A. The path created by MPLS nodes
- B. A switched protection path
- C. A High Order Container for client signal
- D. A protocol used by nodes to exchange information about the state of labels
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A Label Switched Path (LSP) is the path created by MPLS nodes that use labels to forward packets across the network. A label is a short identifier that is attached to each packet and indicates the next hop or destination of the packet. The nodes use a label forwarding table to switch packets based on their labels, without inspecting the packet headers. This can improve the performance, security, and quality of service of the network. An LSP can be established by using GMPLS protocols such as OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE, which exchange information about the network topology, resources, and constraints. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 31
What is the Commissioning File in GMRE nodes?
- A. A control checklist for the operator
- B. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
- C. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
- D. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Commissioning File in GMRE nodes is a file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible. The Commissioning File contains parameters such as power, OSNR, Q-factor, and dispersion that are used to evaluate the feasibility of an LSP request. The Commissioning File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and optical impairments. The Commissioning File is uploaded to each GMRE node and is used by the CSPF algorithm to find a suitable path for the LSP. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Network Planning Application (NPA) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 32
What does Test Mode do in an SNC?
- A. Source nodes of affected client services will not be notified in case of failure
- B. It clears the ASONTOPO alarms
- C. It initiates the LMP link verification by sending Test Messages
- D. The LSP will not be restored and will behave like an unprotected service
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Test Mode is a feature of the Link Management Protocol (LMP) that allows testing the connectivity and functionality of a link or a TE-link. Test Mode can be initiated by either end of a link or a TE-link by sending a Test Message with a Test ID and a Test Pattern. The Test Message is sent over the control channel of the link or the TE-link and contains information such as the source and destination IP addresses, the link ID, and the test parameters. The receiving node then verifies the Test Message and sends back a TestStatusAck message with the same Test ID and Test Pattern. The TestStatusAck message indicates whether the test was successful or not, and if not, what was the reason for failure. Test Mode can be used to check if a link or a TE-link is operational, if it has any errors or faults, or if it supports certain features or capabilities. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, RFC 4204 - Link Management Protocol (LMP)
NEW QUESTION # 33
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?
- A. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
- B. By changing the SRG constraints
- C. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic
- D. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is the GMRE notify address?
- A. The email exchange server to notify the operators of network failures
- B. An IP address used to signal failures on downstream nodes upstream to the head node
- C. The LMP Control Channel ID. This field contains the IPv4 address of the ingress LER as a global unique identifier
- D. The OSPF-TE broadcast IP used to flood the link adjacency information
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE notify address is an IP address used to signal failures on downstream nodes upstream to the head node. The GMRE notify address is configured on each GMRE node and is used to send a Notify message to the head node when a failure occurs on a link or node alongthe LSP. The Notify message contains the failure information and the LSP ID. The head node can then initiate a restoration process based on the Notify message. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 35
In a 1830PSS MRN network, when can groups of links be combined (bundled) together in a single TE-Link?
- A. Only within layer 0 networks
- B. Both within layer 0 and 1 networks
- C. Only within layer 1 networks
- D. Never
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
In a 1830PSS MRN network, groups of links can be combined (bundled) together in a single TE-Link both within layer 0 and 1 networks. A TE-Link is a logical representation of one or more physical links that share the same attributes and can be used to establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs). A TE-Link can be either single-layer or multi-layer, depending on the switching capabilities of the links. In a single-layer TE-Link, all the links belong to the same layer, either layer 0 (optical) or layer 1 (OTN). In a multi-layer TE-Link, the links belong to different layers, such as layer 0 and layer 1. A TE-Link can be either bundled or unbundled, depending on the number of links it contains. A bundled TE-Link contains more than one link, while an unbundled TE-Link contains only one link. A bundled TE-Link can provide more bandwidth and flexibility than an unbundled TE-Link. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3.
GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following statements best describes a distributed control plane for GMPLS?
- A. The network is managed by more than one network management system.
- B. The network manager controls all the routing for the network.
- C. Each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric.
- D. The control plane is active in some network nodes and not in others.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A distributed control plane for GMPLS means that each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric. This allows the routers to communicate with each other and establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network without relying on a centralized controller or network manager. A distributed control plane can improve the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the network. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which label is swapped in an MPLS label stack at an intermediate node?
- A. The label with the highest value
- B. The label on the top
- C. The label on the bottom
- D. The label with the lowest value
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The label on the top of the MPLS label stack is swapped at an intermediate node. This is because the top label is the one that is visible to the node and determines the forwarding decision. The node looks up the top label in its label forwarding table and swaps it with a new label that corresponds to the next hop or destination. The node then forwards the packet to the next node, which repeats the same process. The bottom label is only used to indicate the end of the label stack and is not swapped. References : [Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia], [MPLS Label Stack - Nokia]
NEW QUESTION # 38
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Nokia 4A0-220 (Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks) Exam is a certification program that focuses on optical network solutions powered by GMPLS. GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a signaling protocol that enables different types of networks to communicate and work seamlessly with each other. Optical networks are high-bandwidth networks that transmit data as light signals through fiber optic cables.
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